Renaissance of National Statehood
|
Ukraine
|
Neighboring Countries
|
Other Important Developments
|
- 1900
- "Independent Ukraine" by m. Mikhniowsky (R.U.P)
- 1905
- Annulment of the restrictions on the use of the Ukrainian
language in the Russian Empire
- 1917
- Rebirth of Ukrainian State
- 1918-19
- West. Ukrainian State.
Occupation of the western territories by Romania (-1940),
Poland and Czechoslovakia (-1939).
|
- 1903
- Beginning of Bolshevik factions
- 1905
- Revolution in Russia. Duma (1906)
- 1912-13
- Balkan Wars
- 1917
- Fall of the Tsar. Bolshevik Revolution
in Russia (Lenin).
- 1918
- Fall of the Austro-Hungary. Beginnings of
independent Poland, Czechoslovakia;
territorial enlargement of Romania.
|
- 1900-
- Wright Bros. Airplane. Ford's Automobile
- 1904-07
- Formation of Entente
- 1914
- Opening of the Panama Canal
- 1914-18
- First World War
- 1918
- Pres. Wilson's Fourteen Points
- 1918
- Ottoman Empire Dissolves.
- 1919-20
- Paris Peace Talks.
|
Period of the Soviet Union
|
- 1921
- Treaty of Riga. Formation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist
Republic.
- 1920-
- "Ukrainianization" of Soviet Ukraine.
- 1929-34
- Collectivization. Famine.
Destruction of Ukrainian
education.
NOTE: this entry appended by Brama.
- 1937-38
- The Great Purge
- 1939
- Carpatho-Ukrainian State. Hungarian occupation of
Transcarpathia region (-1944).
- 1939-1940
- Annexation of western Ukrainian territory by the USSR
- 1941-44
- German-Romanian occupation of Ukraine. UPA (1942).
"Galicia" division (1943).
- 1943-44
- Red Army fights to regain Ukraine. Emmigration.
- 1945
- Ukrainian SSR becomes member of the U.N. Transcarpathia
annexed by the Ukrainian SSR.
- 1945-47
- Forced expulsion of the Ukrainian populations from
Lemkivschyna, Posiannia, and Kholmschyna ["Operation Wisla"].
- 1954
- Unification of the Crimea with Ukraine.
|
- 1920-21
- Peace talks in eastern Europe.
- 1920-
- NEP began.
- 1928
- First 5 year plan. Industrialization of
the USSR.
- 1930-
- Stalin's purges.
- 1935
- † Pilsudski
- 1937
- † Masaryk
- 1939-45
- German occupation of the Czech Republic and Poland.
- 1941-1945
- War between Germany and the Soviet Union.
- 1944-48
- Satellite countries of the Soviet Union
become Communist.
- 1947
- Soviet/Polish/Czech agreement on joint military
actions against the UPA.
- 1948
- Fallout between Tito and the USSR.
- 1953
- Stalin dies.
- 1957
- Consolidation of power by Khruschev.
|
- 1920
- Founding of the League of Nations.
- 1920-
- Radio, Sound, Film
- 1922-43
- Fascism in Italy (Mussolini)
- 1929
- World Financial Crisis
- 1930-
- Roosevelt reforms (pres. 1933-1945)
in USA
- 1933-1945
- Nazism in Germany (Hitler)
- 1939-1945
- Second World War. End of world hegemony by
Western Europe. USA-USSR world leaders.
Political emancipation of colonized nations
- 1945
- UN established. First atomic bombs.
- 1949
- Communist regime in China starts.
- 1957
- First man-made satellites. Beginning of
space exploration.
|
What follows from this point on is appended by BRAMA, Inc.
|
- 1950's
- Dissident organizations and illegal "samizdat" literature begins to appear.
|
- 1943
- Russia withdraws recognition from Polish government in exile
- 1955
- Warsaw Pact established.
- 1956
- Khrushchev denounces Stalin. "De-Stalinization" process begins in USSR.
- Hungary: anti-communist uprising
- 1955
- USSR launches first Sputnik.
- 1958
- Hungary: PM Imre Nagy hanged for "counterrevolutionary" treason.
|
- 1942
- U.S. imprisons Japanese-Americans.
- 1945
- Beginning of "Cold War".
- 1946
- Winston Churchill coins "Iron Curtain".
- 1948
- Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt leads the charge to ratify a universal declaration of human rights at UN.
- 1949
- NATO is established.
- Britain recognizes the independence of Ireland.
- 1950-53
- Korean War (with US)
- 1953
- DNA discovered
- 1955
- Army officers seize power from Argentinian president Peron.
- Civil rights era ignited when Rosa Parks refused to give up seat in bus.
- 1958
- Charles de Gaulle brings strong presidential rule to France.
- First commercial jet airplanes in service;
- Common Market (EEC) launched in Rome
- 1959
- Fidel Castro's revolution in Cuba
- The Antarctic Treaty limits exploitation of Antarctica
- Chinese troops massacre ~80,000 Tibetans in a surpression of a major rebellion; Dalai Lama flees to India.
- 1960
- Hostile rift forms between USSR and China
|
- 1962
- Pavlo Popovych, Ukrainian cosmonaut launched into space.
- 1965
- Aug/Sept - first wave of arrests Ukrainian Intelligentsia.
|
- 1961
- USSR installs missles in Cuba; removed under US pressure ("Cuban Missile Crisis"). Berlin Wall erected.
- 1964
- Khrushchev ousted; replaced by Brezhnev.
- 1968
- USSR invades Czechoslovakia: "Prague Spring". "Brezhnev Doctrine" formulated as justification for USSR right to intervene militarily in defense of socialism.
|
- 1960's
- The concept of a communications "net" is first conceived by Department of Defense in US.
- 1961
- Bay of Pigs attempt to overthrow Castro. US involvement in Vietnam begins.
- Female oral contraceptive pill comes onto the market
- 1963
- (Nov.22) Pres. John F. Kennedy assassinated. Thousands march on Washington DC to press for civil rights for black Americans.
- Modern feminist movement is born with publication of Betty Freidan's "The Feminine Mystique".
- 1964
- US Civil Rights Act bans racial discrimination in federal funding and employment.
- China's first nuclear test
- 1965-73
- Vietnam War
- 1966
- Mao Begins Cultural Revolution in China
- 1967
- Six-Day War between Israel and Arab states.
- 1968
- Paris students riot against DeGaulle. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy assassinated. Major protests in United States against Vietnam war
- 1969
- US astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin land on the moon.
- ARPANET (first internet) created in US.
|
- 1976
- Ukrainian Helsinki Group founded for monitoring human rights.
|
- 1973
- Alexander Solzhenitsyn publishes "Gulag Archipelago" denouncing Soviet penal system.
- 1974
- Solzhenitsyn expelled from USSR.
- 1978
- Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla becomes Pope John Paul II.
- 1979
- USSR intervenes in Afghanistan.
|
- 1970
- Tonga and Fiji gain independence from Britain.
- 1970-74
- Micro-computers developed in United States
- 1972
- US Pres. Nixon visits China and Moscow. SALT I Treaty limits nuclear missile production in US and USSR. US Congress passes Equal Opportunity Act in response to growing women's movement
- "Bloody Sunday" in Londonderry, Northern Ireland; troops fire on civil rights marchers
- Munich Olympics: 11 Israeli athletes killed by Arab "Black September" organization.
- 1973
- Vietnam peace accords signed in Paris. Chilean Marxist government overthrown. US launches space station.
- Roe v. Wade: US Supreme Court rules in favor of abortion.
- 1974
- US president Nixon resigns after Watergate scandal.
- 1975
- Helsinki Accords for human rights and respect for border integrity signed by 35 countries.
- Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia
- Cambodia: Pol Pot, leader of the Khmer Rouge communist rebels, Sows Killing Fields: forced labor or execution of "class enemies."
- 1976
- China: Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong die; fall of "Gang of Four".
- 1979
- China and US establish diplomatic relations.
|
- April 26, 1986
- Chornobyl nuclear reactor #4 meltdown.
- 1988
- 1000 years of Christianity celebrated.
|
- 1980
- Solidarity labor union strikes led by Lech Walesa in Poland.
- 1981
- Martial law in Poland; leadership of Solidarity arrested.
- 1982
- Brezhnev dies; succeeded by Yuri Andropov. Solidarity dissolved; Lech Walesa released from prison.
- Walesa gets Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1984
- Andropov dies; succeeded by Konstantin Chernenko.
- 1985
- Chernenko dies; succeeded by Mikhail Gorbachev.
- 1986
- Gorbachev initiates "glasnost" and "perestroika".
- 1987
- Pope John Paul II visits Poland. Gorbachev and reform plans receive cool reception in Romania. Tensions rise in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. Gobachev admits Stalin committed heinous crimes.
- 1988
- USSR announces pull-out from Afghanistan. Fighting breaks out in Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan upon demands to reunify with Armenia. Bulgaria stops jamming Radio Free Europe. Earthquake in Armenia kills 25,000.
|
- 1980
- Civil war in El Salvador (until 1982)
- 1981
- Ronald Reagan becomes US Pres. Assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II.
Martial law in Poland; leadership of Solidarity arrested.
- 1982
- Falklands War between Argentina and Britain
- Israeli forces invade Lebanon
- Mexico defaults on foreign loans; provokes international financial crisis.
- term "Internet" used for the first time
- 1984
- Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikhs
- New Zealand declared a nuclear-free zone
- 1986
- Treaty of Rarotonga sets up South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone.
- 1987
- Reagan names USSR the "Evil Empire" and calls for Berlin Wall to be torn down. Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev in Washington DC.
- 1988
- Reagan visits USSR.
- Pam Am jet Flight 103 explodes over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 259 people. Lybian terrorists accused.
- first Internet virus called "Internet Worm"
|
- 1989
- Rukh National Movement for Perestroika (a.k.a. People's Movement) formed in Ukraine by Writer's Union. Miner's strikes in Donbass region.
|
- 1989
- ·
(Nov. 9) The Berlin Wall falls.
- ·
USSR begins unilateral withdrawal of troops from Eastern Europe.
- ·
Gorbachev elected to new post "Chairman of Supreme Soviet".
- ·
Boris Yeltsin wins landslide victory in Moscow. Visits U.S. on private tour.
- ·
Dissident Andrei Sakharov elected to Congress of Peoples' Deputies in Moscow. (Dec. 14) Dies of heart attack.
- ·
First labor law in USSR recognizing right to strike.
- ·
Pro-independence demonstration in Georgian SSR.
- ·
Czechslovakia: demonstrations in Prague; Vaclav Havel sentenced to prison and released later that year. (Dec. 29) Havel elected President.
- ·
Hungary: October Revolution no longer celebrated; barbed wire fence on Austrian border dismantled. Name changed to "Republic of Hungary".
- ·
Poland: Solidarity granted legal status. Poland's first stock exchange opens. Name changed to Polish Republic (from Polish People's Republic).
- ·
Romania: open letter accuses Pres. Ceausescu of crimes. (Dec. 25) Nicolae Ceausescu and wife Elena tried, condemned to death and immediately executed.
- ·
Bulgaria: 80,000 ethnic Turks depart to Turkey.
- ·
Republic of Slovenia breaks away from Yugoslavia.
- ·
Georgia affirms right to secede from USSR.
- ·
Warsaw Pact countries meet and reject "Brezhnev Doctrine".
|
- 1989
- U.S. Pres. George Bush. Gorbachev visits China. May 17: largest antigovernment demonstration in Beijing, China; troops kill 2-5,000 in June. (Dec.) Bush and Gorbachev summit meeting on Soviet warship near Malta.
- US soldiers invade Panama and depose ruler, General Noriega
|
- 1/22/1990
- "Human Chain" across Ukraine
- 10/17/1990
- Verkhovna Rada bows to student demands for support of Ukrainian independence.
- 7/16/1990
- Verkhovna Rada adopts a resolution proclaiming Ukraine's sovereignty.
|
- 1990
- ·
Multi-party system approved in USSR. Gorbachev elected President of USSR.
- ·
Relcom/Demos "internet" created in USSR
- ·
(March) Lithuania declares independence. (April) Economic blockade of Lithuania by USSR. (June) Lithuania suspends declaration of independence and USSR lifts blockade.
- ·
(March) Estonian Parliament moves to secede from USSR. (May 8) Estonia declares independence.
- ·
(April) Soviets admit responsibility of (Polish officers) Katyn Forest massacre.
- ·
(May 29) Yeltsin elected president of Russia. Russia declares sovreignty. (July) Yeltsin quits Communist Party.
- ·
(June) Uzbekistan declares sovreignty.
- ·
(June) Moldova declares sovreignty.
- ·
(Oct. 1) USSR passes law garanteeing religious freedom.
- ·
(Dec. 9) Students demonstrate in Tirana, Albania.
- ·
(Dec. 9) Lech Walesa elected President of Poland.
|
- 1990
- ·
Nelson Mandela freed in South Africa; process of dismantling apartheid begins
- ·
(Aug. 2) Iraq invades Kuwait. Gulf War.
- ·
(Feb. 13) WWII Allies meet and agree on "two-plus-four" German unification strategy. (July 1) East and West Germany unite with one currency. (Oct. 2) East Germany ceases to exist.
- ·
(May 29) 40 countries found EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction)
- ·
(Nov. 19) 35 member nations of CSCE sign weapons systems limitation treaty.
- ·
(Dec. 2) Kohl elected Chancellor of a united Germany.
- ·
ARPANET decommissioned, Internet remains.
- ·
first commercial provider of Internet dial-up access in US
|
- 3/1991
- Ukraine's voters affirm confusing All-Union Referendum.
- 8/1/1991
- Pres. Bush visits Ukraine; makes so-called "Chicken Kiev" speech.
- 8/24/1991
- Verkhovna Rada adopts a resolution proclaiming Ukraine's independence.
- 12/1/1991
- Ukraine becomes an independent nation; President Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk elected (1991-1994).
|
- 1991
- ·
(Jan. 7) Soviet forces kill 19 in a crackdown on the Baltic Republics. (Sept) USSR recognized independence of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia.
- ·
(Jan. 1) Czechoslovakia introduces first price reforms and privatization. (May) Land restitution bill approved. (Jun) Last Soviet troops leave.
- ·
(Jan.) Yugoslavia annuls Slovenia's sovereignty. Macedonia declares sovereignty. (June) Slovenia and Croatia declare independence, fighting erupts.
- ·
(Mar) Referendums in Estonia, Latvia, Georgia support independence.
- ·
(Mar) Confusing All-Union Referendum across USSR.
- ·
(July 1) Warsaw Pact dissolved.
|
- 1991
- Allied forces liberate Kuwait
- (May) 4 East German officials charged with "Shoot-to-kill" policy during Berlin Wall period.
|
Independent Ukraine
|
- 12/7-8/1991
- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Treaty signed by Ukraine, Russia, Belarus puts an end to the USSR. Ukraine's Parliament never ratified the treaty, and it is therefore not a member of the CIS.
- 12/1991
- Hungary is first country to establish full diplomatic relations with Ukraine.
- 1992
- Ukraine joins IMF and IBRD
- Debate over Crimea with Russia.
- March 1: coupons introduced as new currency.
- May 23: strategic arms reduction treaty signed with U.S., Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan.
- Aug 3: Yeltsin and Kravchuk reach agreement on Black Sea Fleet.
|
- 1991
- (Dec.) USSR replaced by a proposed Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
- (Dec. 25) Gorbachev resigns.
- 1992
- Privatization begins in Romania.
- March 30: Federation Treaty signed by 18 of Russia's autonomous republics. Chechen-Ingushetia and Tatarstan abstain.
- Serbia and Montenegro formally establish a new Yugoslavia. (July) American citizen Milan Panic becomes Prime Minister of Yugoslavia. (Aug. 13) UN resolution condemns Serbian policy of "ethnic cleansing".
- Hanna Suchocka becomes first woman premier in Poland's history.
- (Jul) Tension in Baltics over continued presence of Soviet troops; new laws adopted by Estonia and Latvia are regarded as discriminatory by ethnic Russians.
- (Sept. 22) Yugoslavia expelled from UN. NATO imposes naval blockade of Yugoslavia to enforce UN embargo.
|
- 1992
- (Nov. 3) Bill Clinton wins U.S. presidential election.
|
- 1993
- Ukraine (UA) connected to the Internet
|
- 1993
- (Jan. 1) Czechoslovakia splits into Czech and Slovak Republics.
|
- 1993
- · Eritrea (in north Ethiopia) breaks from Ethiopia.
- · Palestinian leader Arafat and Israeli p.m. Rabin sign peace agreement in U.S.
- · WWW created, adding graphics interface in the Internet
- · USA - Hillary Rodham Clinton is first First Lady to have an office in White House
|
- 1994
- · Ukraine joins NATO's Partnership for Peace Program; Verkhovna Rada reduces offensive strategic weapons; President Leonid Danylovych Kuchma elected.
- · (Feb. 24) First Olympic Gold Medal for independent Ukraine: young figure skater Oksana Baiul
|
|
- 1994
- · African National Congress (ANC) wins first multi-racial election ever held in South Africa
- · Thousands massacred in Rwanda (Africa)
- · Football legend O.J. Simpson tried for murder in the U.S.; acquitted in 1995.
|
|
|
- 1995
- · Itzhak Rabin, prime minister of Israel, assassinated.
- · Bomb Kills 168 in Oklahoma (U.S.).
- · U.S. gives full diplomatic recognition to Vietnam.
|
- 6/28/1996
- Constitution of Ukraine adopted
|
|
- 1996
- · Pres. Clinton re-elected.
- · Hubble telescope reveals more than 50 bil. galaxies; first ever pictures of planet Pluto.
|
|
|
- 1997
- · British control over Hong Kong ends; H.K. is turned over to China.
- · USA - Madeleine Albright first woman Secretary of State; O.J.Simpson guilty of civil charges related to wife's murder; Pres. Clinton absolved of wrongdoing in campaign financing.
|
- 1998
- · (Jan. 11) NYTimes article exposes extent and effects of trafficking of Ukrainian women.
- · (Dec. 2) 1933 Famine is given official recognition for the first time in an international forum at the General Assembly by Ukraine's Abassador to the UN, V. Yelchenko.
- · (Dec. 3) Former PM Pavlo Lazarenko arrested by Swiss authorities.
|
|
- · Pres. Clinton defends himself against sexual harassment charges, denies having relations with Monica Lewinsky; first pres. required to testify before grand jury; Clinton confesses that he lied about affair; possible impeachment hearing.
- · Texas (USA) executes first woman criminal since Civil War.
- · Viagra pill for male impotence
- · John Glenn, 77, oldest person in space.
|
- 1999
- · (Mar. 26) Vyacheslav Chornovil, former leader of Rukh Party, killed in auto accident.
- · (Apr. 30) Patriarch Filaret attacked in Kyiv by Moscow Patriarchate henchmen
- · (May 25) Fatal coal mine blast.
- · (Oct. 14) Ukraine elected non-permanent member of UN Security Council, 2 year term.
- · (Nov. 14) Pres. Kuchma re-elected (inaugurated Nov. 30).
- · (Dec. 3) Kuchma decree abolishes collective farms.
|
- 1999
- · Russia - Pres. Putin
|
- Euro dollar introduced in EU countries
|
- 2000
- · (June 5) US Pres. Clinton visits Ukraine
- · (Jun) US/Ukraine workshop meeting in Kyiv about trafficking issue.
- · (July 28) Ukrainian/Russian rocket deploys PAS-9 satellite from Sea-Launch platform at Equator in Pacific Ocean.
- · (Aug 12) 28 Ukrainians perish on Russian sub "Kursk"
- · (Sept.7) Pres. Kuchma signs UN protocol on elimination of discrimination against women.
- · (Sept.16) Journalist Heorgyi Gongadze vanished.
|
- 2000
- · Russian submarine "Kursk" sinks; 118 men perish.
|
- 2000
- · Germany awards 10 billion DM to victims of Nazi Forced/Slave Labor program.
- · Millenium Summit at UN with nearly 150 world leaders from all 188 Member States, largest-ever gathering of Heads of State or Government.
|