BRAMA - History of Ukraine - 20th Century
Chronologically Synchronized Tables

about Ukraine| History - TOC | Centuries: | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | [Emdroidery]
Renaissance of National Statehood
Ukraine Neighboring Countries Other Important Developments
1900
"Independent Ukraine" by m. Mikhniowsky (R.U.P)
1905
Annulment of the restrictions on the use of the Ukrainian language in the Russian Empire
1917
Rebirth of Ukrainian State
1918-19
West. Ukrainian State. Occupation of the western territories by Romania (-1940), Poland and Czechoslovakia (-1939).
1903
Beginning of Bolshevik factions
1905
Revolution in Russia. Duma (1906)
1912-13
Balkan Wars
1917
Fall of the Tsar. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (Lenin).
1918
Fall of the Austro-Hungary. Beginnings of independent Poland, Czechoslovakia; territorial enlargement of Romania.
1900-
Wright Bros. Airplane. Ford's Automobile
1904-07
Formation of Entente
1914
Opening of the Panama Canal
1914-18
First World War
1918
Pres. Wilson's Fourteen Points
1918
Ottoman Empire Dissolves.
1919-20
Paris Peace Talks.
[Emdroidery]
Period of the Soviet Union
1921
Treaty of Riga. Formation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
1920-
"Ukrainianization" of Soviet Ukraine.
1929-34
Collectivization. Famine. Destruction of Ukrainian education.
NOTE: this entry appended by Brama.
1937-38
The Great Purge
1939
Carpatho-Ukrainian State. Hungarian occupation of Transcarpathia region (-1944).
1939-1940
Annexation of western Ukrainian territory by the USSR
1941-44
German-Romanian occupation of Ukraine. UPA (1942). "Galicia" division (1943).
1943-44
Red Army fights to regain Ukraine. Emmigration.
1945
Ukrainian SSR becomes member of the U.N. Transcarpathia annexed by the Ukrainian SSR.
1945-47
Forced expulsion of the Ukrainian populations from Lemkivschyna, Posiannia, and Kholmschyna ["Operation Wisla"].
1954
Unification of the Crimea with Ukraine.
1920-21
Peace talks in eastern Europe.
1920-
NEP began.
1928
First 5 year plan. Industrialization of the USSR.
1930-
Stalin's purges.
1935
† Pilsudski
1937
† Masaryk
1939-45
German occupation of the Czech Republic and Poland.
1941-1945
War between Germany and the Soviet Union.
1944-48
Satellite countries of the Soviet Union become Communist.




1947
Soviet/Polish/Czech agreement on joint military actions against the UPA.
1948
Fallout between Tito and the USSR.

1953
Stalin dies.

1957
Consolidation of power by Khruschev.
1920
Founding of the League of Nations.
1920-
Radio, Sound, Film
1922-43
Fascism in Italy (Mussolini)
1929
World Financial Crisis
1930-
Roosevelt reforms (pres. 1933-1945) in USA


1933-1945
Nazism in Germany (Hitler)


1939-1945
Second World War. End of world hegemony by Western Europe. USA-USSR world leaders. Political emancipation of colonized nations


1945
UN established. First atomic bombs.




1949
Communist regime in China starts.



1957
First man-made satellites. Beginning of space exploration.
What follows from this point on is appended by BRAMA, Inc.










1950's
Dissident organizations and illegal "samizdat" literature begins to appear.










1943
Russia withdraws recognition from Polish government in exile















1955
Warsaw Pact established.
1956
Khrushchev denounces Stalin. "De-Stalinization" process begins in USSR.
Hungary: anti-communist uprising
1955
USSR launches first Sputnik.
1958
Hungary: PM Imre Nagy hanged for "counterrevolutionary" treason.
1942
U.S. imprisons Japanese-Americans.
1945
Beginning of "Cold War".
1946
Winston Churchill coins "Iron Curtain".
1948
Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt leads the charge to ratify a universal declaration of human rights at UN.
1949
NATO is established.
Britain recognizes the independence of Ireland.
1950-53
Korean War (with US)
1953
DNA discovered
1955
Army officers seize power from Argentinian president Peron.
Civil rights era ignited when Rosa Parks refused to give up seat in bus.
1958
Charles de Gaulle brings strong presidential rule to France.
First commercial jet airplanes in service;
Common Market (EEC) launched in Rome
1959
Fidel Castro's revolution in Cuba
The Antarctic Treaty limits exploitation of Antarctica
Chinese troops massacre ~80,000 Tibetans in a surpression of a major rebellion; Dalai Lama flees to India.
1960
Hostile rift forms between USSR and China





1962
Pavlo Popovych, Ukrainian cosmonaut launched into space.













1965
Aug/Sept - first wave of arrests Ukrainian Intelligentsia.




1961
USSR installs missles in Cuba; removed under US pressure ("Cuban Missile Crisis"). Berlin Wall erected.









1964
Khrushchev ousted; replaced by Brezhnev.









1968
USSR invades Czechoslovakia: "Prague Spring". "Brezhnev Doctrine" formulated as justification for USSR right to intervene militarily in defense of socialism.
1960's
The concept of a communications "net" is first conceived by Department of Defense in US.
1961
Bay of Pigs attempt to overthrow Castro. US involvement in Vietnam begins.
Female oral contraceptive pill comes onto the market
1963
(Nov.22) Pres. John F. Kennedy assassinated. Thousands march on Washington DC to press for civil rights for black Americans.
Modern feminist movement is born with publication of Betty Freidan's "The Feminine Mystique".
1964
US Civil Rights Act bans racial discrimination in federal funding and employment.
China's first nuclear test
1965-73
Vietnam War
1966
Mao Begins Cultural Revolution in China
1967
Six-Day War between Israel and Arab states.
1968
Paris students riot against DeGaulle. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy assassinated. Major protests in United States against Vietnam war
1969
US astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin land on the moon.
ARPANET (first internet) created in US.




















1976
Ukrainian Helsinki Group founded for monitoring human rights.



















1973
Alexander Solzhenitsyn publishes "Gulag Archipelago" denouncing Soviet penal system.




1974
Solzhenitsyn expelled from USSR.











1978
Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla becomes Pope John Paul II.
1979
USSR intervenes in Afghanistan.
1970
Tonga and Fiji gain independence from Britain.
1970-74
Micro-computers developed in United States
1972
US Pres. Nixon visits China and Moscow. SALT I Treaty limits nuclear missile production in US and USSR. US Congress passes Equal Opportunity Act in response to growing women's movement
"Bloody Sunday" in Londonderry, Northern Ireland; troops fire on civil rights marchers
Munich Olympics: 11 Israeli athletes killed by Arab "Black September" organization.
1973
Vietnam peace accords signed in Paris. Chilean Marxist government overthrown. US launches space station.
Roe v. Wade: US Supreme Court rules in favor of abortion.
1974
US president Nixon resigns after Watergate scandal.
1975
Helsinki Accords for human rights and respect for border integrity signed by 35 countries.
Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia
Cambodia: Pol Pot, leader of the Khmer Rouge communist rebels, Sows Killing Fields: forced labor or execution of "class enemies."
1976
China: Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong die; fall of "Gang of Four".
1979
China and US establish diplomatic relations.













April 26, 1986
Chornobyl nuclear reactor #4 meltdown.







1988
1000 years of Christianity celebrated.
1980
Solidarity labor union strikes led by Lech Walesa in Poland.
1981
Martial law in Poland; leadership of Solidarity arrested.


1982
Brezhnev dies; succeeded by Yuri Andropov. Solidarity dissolved; Lech Walesa released from prison.
Walesa gets Nobel Peace Prize.
1984
Andropov dies; succeeded by Konstantin Chernenko.
1985
Chernenko dies; succeeded by Mikhail Gorbachev.
1986
Gorbachev initiates "glasnost" and "perestroika".
1987
Pope John Paul II visits Poland. Gorbachev and reform plans receive cool reception in Romania. Tensions rise in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. Gobachev admits Stalin committed heinous crimes.
1988
USSR announces pull-out from Afghanistan. Fighting breaks out in Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan upon demands to reunify with Armenia. Bulgaria stops jamming Radio Free Europe. Earthquake in Armenia kills 25,000.
1980
Civil war in El Salvador (until 1982)
1981
Ronald Reagan becomes US Pres. Assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II. Martial law in Poland; leadership of Solidarity arrested.
1982
Falklands War between Argentina and Britain
Israeli forces invade Lebanon
Mexico defaults on foreign loans; provokes international financial crisis.
term "Internet" used for the first time
1984
Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikhs
New Zealand declared a nuclear-free zone
1986
Treaty of Rarotonga sets up South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone.
1987
Reagan names USSR the "Evil Empire" and calls for Berlin Wall to be torn down. Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev in Washington DC.


1988
Reagan visits USSR.
Pam Am jet Flight 103 explodes over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 259 people. Lybian terrorists accused.
first Internet virus called "Internet Worm"
1989
Rukh National Movement for Perestroika (a.k.a. People's Movement) formed in Ukraine by Writer's Union. Miner's strikes in Donbass region.








1989
 ·  (Nov. 9) The Berlin Wall falls.
 ·  USSR begins unilateral withdrawal of troops from Eastern Europe.
 ·  Gorbachev elected to new post "Chairman of Supreme Soviet".
 ·  Boris Yeltsin wins landslide victory in Moscow. Visits U.S. on private tour.
 ·  Dissident Andrei Sakharov elected to Congress of Peoples' Deputies in Moscow. (Dec. 14) Dies of heart attack.
 ·  First labor law in USSR recognizing right to strike.
 ·  Pro-independence demonstration in Georgian SSR.
 ·  Czechslovakia: demonstrations in Prague; Vaclav Havel sentenced to prison and released later that year. (Dec. 29) Havel elected President.
 ·  Hungary: October Revolution no longer celebrated; barbed wire fence on Austrian border dismantled. Name changed to "Republic of Hungary".
 ·  Poland: Solidarity granted legal status. Poland's first stock exchange opens. Name changed to Polish Republic (from Polish People's Republic).
 ·  Romania: open letter accuses Pres. Ceausescu of crimes. (Dec. 25) Nicolae Ceausescu and wife Elena tried, condemned to death and immediately executed.
 ·  Bulgaria: 80,000 ethnic Turks depart to Turkey.
 ·  Republic of Slovenia breaks away from Yugoslavia.
 ·  Georgia affirms right to secede from USSR.
 ·  Warsaw Pact countries meet and reject "Brezhnev Doctrine".
1989
U.S. Pres. George Bush. Gorbachev visits China. May 17: largest antigovernment demonstration in Beijing, China; troops kill 2-5,000 in June. (Dec.) Bush and Gorbachev summit meeting on Soviet warship near Malta.
US soldiers invade Panama and depose ruler, General Noriega
1/22/1990
"Human Chain" across Ukraine
10/17/1990
Verkhovna Rada bows to student demands for support of Ukrainian independence.
7/16/1990
Verkhovna Rada adopts a resolution proclaiming Ukraine's sovereignty.
1990
 ·  Multi-party system approved in USSR. Gorbachev elected President of USSR.
 ·  Relcom/Demos "internet" created in USSR
 ·  (March) Lithuania declares independence. (April) Economic blockade of Lithuania by USSR. (June) Lithuania suspends declaration of independence and USSR lifts blockade.
 ·  (March) Estonian Parliament moves to secede from USSR. (May 8) Estonia declares independence.
 ·  (April) Soviets admit responsibility of (Polish officers) Katyn Forest massacre.
 ·  (May 29) Yeltsin elected president of Russia. Russia declares sovreignty. (July) Yeltsin quits Communist Party.
 ·  (June) Uzbekistan declares sovreignty.
 ·  (June) Moldova declares sovreignty.
 ·  (Oct. 1) USSR passes law garanteeing religious freedom.
 ·  (Dec. 9) Students demonstrate in Tirana, Albania.
 ·  (Dec. 9) Lech Walesa elected President of Poland.
1990
 ·  Nelson Mandela freed in South Africa; process of dismantling apartheid begins
 ·  (Aug. 2) Iraq invades Kuwait. Gulf War.
 ·  (Feb. 13) WWII Allies meet and agree on "two-plus-four" German unification strategy. (July 1) East and West Germany unite with one currency. (Oct. 2) East Germany ceases to exist.
 ·  (May 29) 40 countries found EBRD (European Bank for Reconstruction)
 ·  (Nov. 19) 35 member nations of CSCE sign weapons systems limitation treaty.
 ·  (Dec. 2) Kohl elected Chancellor of a united Germany.
 ·  ARPANET decommissioned, Internet remains.
 ·  first commercial provider of Internet dial-up access in US
3/1991
Ukraine's voters affirm confusing All-Union Referendum.
8/1/1991
Pres. Bush visits Ukraine; makes so-called "Chicken Kiev" speech.
8/24/1991
Verkhovna Rada adopts a resolution proclaiming Ukraine's independence.
12/1/1991
Ukraine becomes an independent nation; President Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk elected (1991-1994).
1991
 ·  (Jan. 7) Soviet forces kill 19 in a crackdown on the Baltic Republics. (Sept) USSR recognized independence of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia.
 ·  (Jan. 1) Czechoslovakia introduces first price reforms and privatization. (May) Land restitution bill approved. (Jun) Last Soviet troops leave.
 ·  (Jan.) Yugoslavia annuls Slovenia's sovereignty. Macedonia declares sovereignty. (June) Slovenia and Croatia declare independence, fighting erupts.
 ·  (Mar) Referendums in Estonia, Latvia, Georgia support independence.
 ·  (Mar) Confusing All-Union Referendum across USSR.
 ·  (July 1) Warsaw Pact dissolved.
1991
Allied forces liberate Kuwait
(May) 4 East German officials charged with "Shoot-to-kill" policy during Berlin Wall period.
[Emdroidery]
Independent Ukraine
12/7-8/1991
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Treaty signed by Ukraine, Russia, Belarus puts an end to the USSR. Ukraine's Parliament never ratified the treaty, and it is therefore not a member of the CIS.
12/1991
Hungary is first country to establish full diplomatic relations with Ukraine.
1992
Ukraine joins IMF and IBRD
Debate over Crimea with Russia.
March 1: coupons introduced as new currency.
May 23: strategic arms reduction treaty signed with U.S., Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan.
Aug 3: Yeltsin and Kravchuk reach agreement on Black Sea Fleet.
1991
(Dec.) USSR replaced by a proposed Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
(Dec. 25) Gorbachev resigns.


1992
Privatization begins in Romania.
March 30: Federation Treaty signed by 18 of Russia's autonomous republics. Chechen-Ingushetia and Tatarstan abstain.
Serbia and Montenegro formally establish a new Yugoslavia. (July) American citizen Milan Panic becomes Prime Minister of Yugoslavia. (Aug. 13) UN resolution condemns Serbian policy of "ethnic cleansing".
Hanna Suchocka becomes first woman premier in Poland's history.
(Jul) Tension in Baltics over continued presence of Soviet troops; new laws adopted by Estonia and Latvia are regarded as discriminatory by ethnic Russians.
(Sept. 22) Yugoslavia expelled from UN. NATO imposes naval blockade of Yugoslavia to enforce UN embargo.







1992
(Nov. 3) Bill Clinton wins U.S. presidential election.
1993
Ukraine (UA) connected to the Internet
1993
(Jan. 1) Czechoslovakia splits into Czech and Slovak Republics.
1993
 · Eritrea (in north Ethiopia) breaks from Ethiopia.
 · Palestinian leader Arafat and Israeli p.m. Rabin sign peace agreement in U.S.
 · WWW created, adding graphics interface in the Internet
 · USA - Hillary Rodham Clinton is first First Lady to have an office in White House
1994
 · Ukraine joins NATO's Partnership for Peace Program; Verkhovna Rada reduces offensive strategic weapons; President Leonid Danylovych Kuchma elected.
 · (Feb. 24) First Olympic Gold Medal for independent Ukraine: young figure skater Oksana Baiul
 
1994
 · African National Congress (ANC) wins first multi-racial election ever held in South Africa
 · Thousands massacred in Rwanda (Africa)
 · Football legend O.J. Simpson tried for murder in the U.S.; acquitted in 1995.
 
 
1995
 · Itzhak Rabin, prime minister of Israel, assassinated.
 · Bomb Kills 168 in Oklahoma (U.S.).
 · U.S. gives full diplomatic recognition to Vietnam.
6/28/1996
Constitution of Ukraine adopted
 
1996
 · Pres. Clinton re-elected.
 · Hubble telescope reveals more than 50 bil. galaxies; first ever pictures of planet Pluto.
 
 
1997
 · British control over Hong Kong ends; H.K. is turned over to China.
 · USA - Madeleine Albright first woman Secretary of State; O.J.Simpson guilty of civil charges related to wife's murder; Pres. Clinton absolved of wrongdoing in campaign financing.
1998
 · (Jan. 11) NYTimes article exposes extent and effects of trafficking of Ukrainian women.
 · (Dec. 2) 1933 Famine is given official recognition for the first time in an international forum at the General Assembly by Ukraine's Abassador to the UN, V. Yelchenko.
 · (Dec. 3) Former PM Pavlo Lazarenko arrested by Swiss authorities.
 
 
 · Pres. Clinton defends himself against sexual harassment charges, denies having relations with Monica Lewinsky; first pres. required to testify before grand jury; Clinton confesses that he lied about affair; possible impeachment hearing.
 · Texas (USA) executes first woman criminal since Civil War.
 · Viagra pill for male impotence
 · John Glenn, 77, oldest person in space.
1999
 · (Mar. 26) Vyacheslav Chornovil, former leader of Rukh Party, killed in auto accident.
 · (Apr. 30) Patriarch Filaret attacked in Kyiv by Moscow Patriarchate henchmen
 · (May 25) Fatal coal mine blast.
 · (Oct. 14) Ukraine elected non-permanent member of UN Security Council, 2 year term.
 · (Nov. 14) Pres. Kuchma re-elected (inaugurated Nov. 30).
 · (Dec. 3) Kuchma decree abolishes collective farms.
1999
 · Russia - Pres. Putin
 
Euro dollar introduced in EU countries
2000
 · (June 5) US Pres. Clinton visits Ukraine
 · (Jun) US/Ukraine workshop meeting in Kyiv about trafficking issue.
 · (July 28) Ukrainian/Russian rocket deploys PAS-9 satellite from Sea-Launch platform at Equator in Pacific Ocean.
 · (Aug 12) 28 Ukrainians perish on Russian sub "Kursk"
 · (Sept.7) Pres. Kuchma signs UN protocol on elimination of discrimination against women.
 · (Sept.16) Journalist Heorgyi Gongadze vanished.
2000
 · Russian submarine "Kursk" sinks; 118 men perish.
2000
 · Germany awards 10 billion DM to victims of Nazi Forced/Slave Labor program.
 · Millenium Summit at UN with nearly 150 world leaders from all 188 Member States, largest-ever gathering of Heads of State or Government.
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[Emdroidery]
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