[mova] Ukr language - did not, does not, will not exist

[I Bell]

You all may have seen  .... but just in case you didn't ....   Irena

> >From: - cius <cius at ualberta.ca>
> >NEWS RELEASE­­
> >Contact:          MaximTarnawsky      FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
> >Tel:                   (416) 926-1300 ex. 3338
> >E-mail: <mailto:tarn at chass.utoronto.ca>
> >
> >Symposium on Valuev Circular Held at the University of Toronto
> >(November 1, 2013)
> >
> >>An international symposium dedicated to the Valuev Circular of 1863,
> >which restricted the use of the Ukrainian language in the Russian
> >Empire, was held at the University of Toronto on November 1, 2013. The
> >event, titled "The Language That 'Did Not, Does Not, and Cannot
> >Exist': 150 Years Since the Valuev Decree," was organized by the
> >Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures of the University of
> >Toronto and co-sponsored by the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
> >(University of Alberta), the Petro Jacyk Program for the Study of
> >Ukraine (University of Toronto), and the Centre for European, Russian,
> >and Eurasian Studies (University of Toronto). The speakers at the
> >symposium were literary scholars Taras Koznarsky and Maxim Tarnawsky,
> >both of the University of Toronto, Professor Michael Moser, a linguist
> >from the University of Vienna, and a historian, Dr. Johannes Remy of
> >the University of Helsinki.
> >
> >In July 1863, the recently appointed minister of internal affairs of
> >the Russian Empire, Petr Valuev, issued a secret directive (circular)
> >to the censorship committees of Kyiv, Moscow, and St. Petersburg that
> >prohibited the printing of books in Ukrainian, except fiction. The
> >circular was primarily intended to prevent the spread of educational
> >and religious literature among the wider Ukrainian population and
> >sharply to curtail the cultural initiatives of the Ukrainian
> >intelligentsia. After the Polish uprising of 1863, the imperial
> >government was particularly alarmed by the growth of Ukrainian cultural
> >initiatives, seeing them as evidence of a desire for autonomy and
> >potential threats to the integrity of the empire. The symposium
> >examined the Valuev Circular from a variety of perspectives and in the
> >context of several disciplines.
> >
> >In his presentation, Taras Koznarsky, the organizer of the symposium,
> >focused on the status and categorization of the Ukrainian language in
> >the discourse of the first decades of the nineteenth century. These
> >categorizations had very little to do with linguistics (in the Russian
> >Empire at that time, this discipline was still in its infancy) and were
> >mostly concerned with Ukraine as a historical, cultural, and national
> >community, its condition and status after the dissolution of Ukrainian
> >autonomy at the end of the eighteenth century. In this context, the
> >Ukrainian language comprised seemingly incompatible contradictions: was
> >it a language or a dialect (if a dialect, then of which language:
> >Russian, or a general East Slavic language?); was it a living or a dead
> >language; was it a pure branch of the Slavic language tree or one
> >contaminated by foreign influences? Such contradictory postulates were
> >often to be found within the same work, indicating the colonial status
> >of Ukraine at the time and the Ukrainian elites' use of mimicry as a
> >way of adapting to the empire. The speaker examined in detail the most
> >characteristic features of the first grammar of the Ukrainian language,
> >Oleksii Pavlovsky's Grammatika malorossiiskoho narechiia (Grammar of
> >the Little Russian Dialect, 1818): his exceptional caution in labeling
> >it a language or a dialect, in describing its status as a living or a
> >dead language, and in assessing its literary potential and role in
> >Ukrainian society.
> >Particularly significant are questions that permeate the text of the
> >Grammar and point to the presence of the ever-suspicious imperial "eye"
> >watching over Ukraine: Why is this grammar needed? Does this language
> >really need rules for the composition of literary texts? Despite the
> >brevity of the grammatical section, the anthology-style form of the
> >publication (collections of idiomatic expressions and stylized literary
> >texts), and the author's caution in labeling Ukrainian as a language or
> >a dialect, Pavlovsky emphasizes the importance of the language for the
> >continuity of Ukrainian society and the preservation of its culture.
> >
> >The second speaker, Michael Moser, emphasized the prevalence of
> >political rather than linguistic criteria in distinguishing between a
> >language and a dialect and in defining a standardized language. He drew
> >attention to the debates about the Ukrainian language and its future in
> >the Romantic era (e.g., Izmail Sreznevsky's categorical and optimistic
> >definition) and to the educational initiatives of the Cyrillo-Methodian
> >Brotherhood. These initiatives are evidence of the conscious efforts of
> >intellectuals to shape Ukrainian as the language of a full-fledged
> >community. After the arrest of the Cyrillo-Methodians, these efforts
> >did not resume until the late 1850s. The speaker focused particularly
> >on the multilateral and programmatic activities of Panteleimon
> >Kulish: his Primer (which included arithmetical operations in
> >Ukrainian), his translation of the tsar's manifesto of 1861 eliminating
> >serfdom and, most importantly, the journal Osnova (1861-62), which was
> >bilingual (in order to reach Russian readers as well) and became a
> >forum for critical and polemical Ukrainian programmatic pronouncements.
> >Kulish foresaw the development of a full-fledged Ukrainian language as
> >the result of a synthesis of the literary achievements of Ukrainian
> >writers in the Russian Empire with the linguistic refinements of
> >Ukrainian schools and law courts in Habsburg Galicia. This vision was
> >to become a reality at the end of the century. The speaker stressed
> >that Valuev's ban of a "non-existent" (indeed,
> >"inconceivable") language clearly demonstrated that in the early 1860s
> >Ukrainian intellectuals were consciously engaged in creating an
> >autonomous educational and cultural environment in Ukraine, and that
> >through their efforts the Ukrainian language really did achieve a fully
> >functional level.
> >
> >Johannes Remy spoke about the efforts of imperial bureaucrats
> >(including the police), who did not hesitate to use misinformation
> >(even
> >falsifications) in order to describe and persecute Ukrainian cultural
> >activists as dangerous revolutionaries. An important development
> >leading up to the Valuev Circular was the institutional transfer of the
> >Bureau of Censorship from the Ministry of Education to the Ministry of
> >Internal Affairs, which Petr Valuev had recently taken over. In the
> >atmosphere of political tension following the Polish uprising of 1863,
> >imperial bureaucrats saw Ukrainophiles as a threat to the integrity of
> >the empire and tried to link the Kyiv Hromada (composed largely of
> >liberal intellectuals) with the radical khlopomany ("peasant-lover")
> >movement, and even with Polish insurgents and clandestine
> >organizations. But the Ukrainophiles carried out their activities
> >openly, using legal methods and propagating general education in local
> >periodicals. The speaker showed how imperial institutions searched
> >intensively for signs of subversion among Ukrainian intellectuals. The
> >lack of such evidence about the activities of the populist Pavlo
> >Chubynsky encouraged police agencies to fabricate a proclamation
> >encouraging farmers to burn down landed estates. The speaker drew
> >attention to the mysterious circumstances attending the "discovery" of
> >this proclamation by the gendarmes, which served as grounds for the
> >authorities to deport Chubynsky from Ukraine. Equally false was the
> >statement of the censor Orest Novytsky, one of the architects of the
> >Valuev Circular, to the effect that all Ukrainian works submitted to
> >the Kyiv censorship committee were written by Poles. The use of
> >political fraud helped the imperial authorities turn the wheels of
> >administrative and police repression against the Ukrainophiles.
> >
> >Maxim Tarnawsky spoke about the consequences the Valuev Circular. Since
> >the consequences of the prohibition cannot be measured in quantitative
> >terms (how can we predict what would have happened if the circular had
> >not been issued?), the only useful way to assess its effects is to
> >examine its impact on specific writers. The best example, perhaps the
> >primary "victim" of the Valuev Circular and, later, the Ems Ukase, was
> >Ivan Nechui-Levytsky. The Valuev Circular did not, in fact, prohibit
> >Nechui from writing Ukrainian fiction. It did, however, link the
> >Ukrainian language to political instability and, in particular, treated
> >the use of Ukrainian in educational and ecclesiastical spheres as
> >subversive. Nechui was thus categorized as a lawbreaker. Furthermore,
> >in the context of the imperial government's russifying educational
> >policies after the Polish uprising, the schoolteacher Nechui found
> >himself assigned to a school for Greek Catholic (i.e., Ukrainian)
> >girls! Ironically, rather than russifying Poles, Nechui was cementing
> >links between eastern and western Ukrainians. Thanks to his
> >acquaintance with Panteleimon Kulish, Nechui developed contacts with
> >Ukrainians in the Austrian Empire, where he would eventually publish
> >most of his works. Thus the ban on the Ukrainian language in the Valuev
> >Circular and in the subsequent Ems Ukase, for all its undoubted
> >negative impact on the development of Ukrainian cultural institutions,
> >ironically contributed precisely to those consequences that the decrees
> >were intended to prevent­stimulating the creation of a joint Ukrainian
>
> >cultural space spanning the two empires. The criminalization of
> >Ukrainian cultural activities prodded Ukrainophile intellectuals into
> >angry opposition to the imperial authorities, pushing cultural
> >activists into political involvement and further radicalizing the
> >politicized members of the community.
> >
> >A lively discussion followed the presentations.
> >The audience consisted of students and visitors, including professors
> >and graduate students at the University of Toronto, scholars from the
> >Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, members of the Shevchenko
> >Scientific Society, representatives of the Ukrainian community, and
> >even Professor George Mihaychuk of Georgetown University in Washington,
> >D.C., who drove to Toronto specifically to attend this symposium.
> >
> >
> >
> >Audio and video recordings of the symposium are available on the
> >symposium website:
> >
> ><http://lab.chass.utoronto.ca/rescentre/slavic/ukr/audio/Valuev-2013/>h
> >ttp://lab.chass.utoronto.ca/rescentre/slavic/ukr/audio/Valuev-2013/
> >
> >
> >
> >For the event's pictures see:
> >
> >
> >
> ><http://lab.chass.utoronto.ca/rescentre/slavic/ 
> ukr/audio/Valuev-2013/Au>dience1.JPG>http://lab.chass.utoronto.ca/rescentre/slavic/ukr/audio/Val
> >uev-2013/Audience1.JPG
> >
> >
> >http://lab.chass.utoronto.ca/rescentre/slavic/ukr/audio/Valuev-2013/Aud
> >ience2.JPG
> >
> >
> ><http://lab.chass.utoronto.ca/rescentre/slavic/ 
> ukr/audio/Valuev-2013/Pa>rticipants.JPG>http://lab.chass.utoronto.ca/rescentre/slavic/ukr/audio/
> >Valuev-2013/Participants.JPG
> >
> >
> >
> >  ***  ***  ***
> >
> >ðï÷¶äïíìåîîñ äìñ ðòåóé
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> >
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> >ÓÉÍÐÏÚ¦ÕÍÕ:
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> >Valuev-2013/Participants.JPG
> >>_____________________________________________________
> >
> >The Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
> >(CIUS) is a leading centre of Ukrainian studies outside Ukraine that
> >engages in and support research and scholarship in Ukrainian and
> >Ukrainian-Canadian studies. If you would like more information on the
> >Institute, please visit our website at
> ><http://www.cius.ca/>www.cius.ca,
> >facebook page at
> ><http://www.facebook.com/canadian.institute.of.ukrainian.studies?ref=hl
> >>www.facebook.com/canadian.institute.of.ukrainian.studies?ref=hl
> >or contact Dr. Bohdan Klid at (780) 492-2972;
> ><mailto:cius at ualberta.ca>cius at ualberta.ca.
> >
> >>ëÁÎÁÄÓØËÉÊ ¦ÎÓÔÉÔÕÔ ÕËÒÁ§ÎÓØËÉÈ ÓÔÕÄ¦Ê (ë¶õó) ­ ÐÒÏצÄÎÉÊ ÏÓÅÒÅÄÏË
> >ÕËÒÁ§ÎÏÚÎÁ×ÞÉÈ ÓÔÕÄ¦Ê ÐÏÚÁ ÍÅÖÁÍÉ õËÒÁ§ÎÉ, ÐÏËÌÉËÁÎÉÊ ÒÏÚ×É×ÁÔÉ ¦
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> >ÕËÒÁ§ÎÓØËÏ-ËÁÎÁÄÓØËϧ ÔÅÍÁÔÉËÉ.
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> >www.cius.ca, ÆÅÊÓÂÕË
> ><https://www.facebook.com/canadian.institute.of.ukrainian.studies?ref=h
> >l>www.facebook.com/canadian.institute.of.ukrainian.studies?ref=hl
> >ÁÂÏ Ú×'ÑÚÁÔÉÓÑ Ú Ä-ÒÏÍ âÏÇÄÁÎÏÍ ë̦ÄÏÍ (780) 492-2972;
> ><mailto:cius at ualberta.ca>cius at ualberta.ca.


Irena Bell,  Producer and Host
The Ukrainian Hour,  Sundays 5:00 - 6:00  PM
on Radio CHIN - CJLL - 97.9 FM,  Ottawa and http://chinradioottawa.com
Previous several shows are 
on 
<http://chinradioottawa.com/index.php/podcast/ukrainian>http://chinradioottawa.com/index.php/podcast/<http://chinradioottawa.com/index.php/podcast/ukrainian>ukrainian
30 Murray St. Ottawa, Canada K1N 5M4
DidYouKnow's are on http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=8914D5DF7F79B5FB